ภูเขาไฟ ที่กำลังปะทุ !!!!!!!!!!!

Current active volcanoes <table class="border1" width="100%" align="left" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"><tbody><tr bgcolor="#ebebeb"> <td width="20%">Name of Volcano</td> <td>Location</td> <td>Volcano Number</td> <td>Volcano Type</td> <td colspan="2" align="center">Details</td> <td> </td> <td width="10%">Status</td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Arenal</td><td>Costa Rica</td><td>1405-033</td><td>Stratovolcano</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Orange</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Bagana</td><td>Papua New-Guinea</td><td>0505-02=</td><td>Lava cone</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Orange</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Barren Is.</td><td>India</td><td>0600-01=</td><td>Stratovolcano</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Orange</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Batu Tara</td><td>Indonesia</td><td>0604-26=</td><td>Stratovolcano</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Alert Level 2</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Chaiten</td><td>Chile</td><td>1508-041</td><td>Caldera</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Red</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Concepcion</td><td>Nicaragua</td><td>1404-12=</td><td>Stratovolcano</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Orange</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Dukono</td><td>Indonesia</td><td>0608-01=</td><td>Complex volcano</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Alert Level 2</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Eyjafjallajökull</td><td>Iceland</td><td>1702-02=</td><td>Stratovolcano</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Orange</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Fuego</td><td>Guatemala</td><td>1402-09=</td><td>Stratovolcano</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Orange</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Gaua</td><td>Vanatu</td><td>0507-02=</td><td>Stratovolcano</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Alert Level 2</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Ibu</td><td>Indonesia</td><td>0608-03=</td><td>Stratovolcano</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Level 2</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Karymsky</td><td>Russia</td><td>1000-13=</td><td>Stratovolcano</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Orange</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Kilauea</td><td>USA</td><td>1302-01-</td><td>Shield volcano</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Orange</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Kirishima</td><td>Japan</td><td>0802-09=</td><td>Shield volcano</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Alert Level 2</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Kliuchevskoi</td><td>Russia</td><td>1000-26=</td><td>Stratovolcano</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Orange</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Mt. Erebus</td><td>Antarctica</td><td>1900-02=</td><td>Stratovolcano</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Orange</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Mt. Etna</td><td>Italy</td><td>0101-06=</td><td>Stratovolcanoes</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Orange</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Nyamuragira</td><td>Democratic Republic of Congo</td><td>0203-02=</td><td>Shield volcano</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Orange</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Ol Doinyo Lengai</td><td>Tanzania</td><td>0202-12=</td><td>Stratovolcano</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Orange</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Pacaya</td><td>Guatemala</td><td>1402-11=</td><td>Complex volcano</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Orange</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Planchon Peteroa</td><td>Chile</td><td>1507-04=</td><td>Stratovolcanoes</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Orange</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Poas</td><td>Costa Rica</td><td>1405-04=</td><td>Stratovolcano</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Orange</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Popocatepetl</td><td>Mexico</td><td>1401-09=</td><td>Stratovolcanoes</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Orange</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Rabaul</td><td>Papua New-Guinea</td><td>0502-14=</td><td>Pyroclastic shield</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Alert Level 2</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Reventador</td><td>Ecuador</td><td>1502-01=</td><td>Stratovolcano</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Orange</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Sakura-Jima</td><td>Japan</td><td>0802-08=</td><td>Stratovolcano</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Alert Level 2</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Sangay</td><td>Ecuador</td><td>1502-09=</td><td>Stratovolcano</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Orange</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Santa Maria</td><td>Guatemala</td><td>1402-03=</td><td>Stratovolcano</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Orange</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Semeru</td><td>Indonesia</td><td>0603-30=</td><td>Stratovolcano</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Alert Level 2</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Sheveluch</td><td>Russia</td><td>1000-27=</td><td>Stratovolcano</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Orange</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Stromboli</td><td>Italy</td><td>0101-04=</td><td>Stratovolcano</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Orange</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Suwanose-Jima</td><td>Japan</td><td>0802-03=</td><td>Stratovolcano</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Orange</td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f8f8f8"><td>Tungurahua</td><td>Ecuador</td><td>1502-08=</td><td>Stratovolcano</td><td colspan="2" align="center">Read</td><td width="1%" bgcolor="#000000">Eruption</td><td bgcolor="#25343b">Orange</td></tr></tbody></table>

 

<table class="border" width="100%" align="center" border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3"><tbody><tr> <td class="itype2" colspan="3">Volcano Barren Is. status in 01/06/2010</td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="9" valign="top" width="320">
</td> <td class="itype2" valign="center">Volcano ID:</td> <td class="itype1" valign="center">0600-01=</td></tr> <tr> <td class="itype2" valign="top" width="10%">Name: </td> <td class="itype1" valign="center">Barren Island</td></tr> <tr> <td class="itype2" valign="center">Country:</td> <td class="itype1">India</td></tr> <tr> <td class="itype2" valign="center">Location:</td> <td class="itype1">Andaman Is-Indian O</td></tr> <tr> <td class="itype2" valign="center">Type:</td> <td class="itype1">Stratovolcano</td></tr> <tr> <td class="itype2" valign="center">Status:</td> <td class="itype1">Historical</td></tr> <tr> <td class="itype2" valign="center">Elevation:</td> <td class="itype1">354 metre</td></tr> <tr> <td class="itype2" valign="center">Last eruption:</td> <td class="itype1">2010</td></tr> <tr> <td class="itype2" valign="center">Alert Status:</td> <td class="itype1">Orange, Eruption</td></tr> <tr> <td class="itype2" colspan="3">Details:</td></tr> <tr> <td class="itype1" colspan="3" valign="top"> Barren Island, a possession of India in the Andaman Sea about 135 km NE of Port Blair in the Andaman Islands, is the only historically active volcano along the N-S-trending volcanic arc extending between Sumatra and Burma (Myanmar). The 354-m-high island is the emergent summit of a volcano that rises from a depth of about 2250 m. The small, uninhabited 3-km-wide island contains a roughly 2-km-wide caldera with walls 250-350 m high. The caldera, which is open to the sea on the west, was created during a major explosive eruption in the late Pleistocene that produced pyroclastic-flow and -surge deposits. The morphology of a fresh pyroclastic cone that was constructed in the center of the caldera has varied during the course of historical eruptions. Lava flows fill much of the caldera floor and have reached the sea along the western coast during historical eruptions.










</td></tr></tbody></table>

 

Activity at Kizimen Volcano


download large image (726 KB, JPEG) acquired December 31, 2010
download GeoTIFF file (6 MB, TIFF) acquired December 31, 2010
download Google Earth file (KMZ) acquired December 31, 2010

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On December 31, 2010, Kizimen continued releasing plumes of ash and steam. The U.S. Air Force Weather Agency reported ongoing activity as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Aqua satellite showed a plume from the volcano blowing southward over the Kamchatka Peninsula and Bering Sea.
The red outline at the volcano’s summit is a hotspot where MODIS has detected unusually high surface temperatures. Kizimen’s plume blows toward the southwest and southeast, likely the result of changing winds. In the southeast, the plume appears as a faint gray-beige veil over the Bering Sea. An expanse of snow west of the volcano looks gray, perhaps the result of a recent ashfall from Kizimen.
Rising to an altitude of 2,376 meters (7,795 feet), Kizimen Volcano is a stratovolcano composed of hardened lava, solifidied ash, and rocks ejected by earlier eruptions. The volcano has experienced multiple periods of long-term growth, and lava domes overlap at the summit.
NASA image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response Team at NASA GSFC. Caption by Michon Scott.
<dl class="details"><dt>Instrument: </dt><dd>Aqua - MODIS</dd></dl>
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December 30, 2010 Activity at Kizimen Volcano

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Lake Toba เป็นทะเลสาป และ ซุปเปอร์ภูเขาไฟ ตั้งอยู่ในสุมาตราเหนือ

Geologi Lake Toba

Lake Toba is a lake and supervolcano, Its North Sumatra, Prapat City. 100 kilometres long and 30 kilometres wide, and 505 metres (1,666 ft) at its deepest point. Located in the middle of the northern part of the Indonesian island of Sumatra with a surface elevation of about 900 metres (2,953 ft), the lake stretches from 2°53′N 98°31′E / 2.88°N 98.52°E / 2.88; 98.52 to 2°21′N 99°06′E / 2.35°N 99.1°E / 2.35; 99.1. It is the largest volcanic lake in the world.


In addition, it is the site of a supervolcanic eruption that occurred 69,000-77,000 years ago,a massive climate-changing event. The eruption is believed to have had a VEI intensity of 8. This is the largest known eruption anywhere on Earth in the last 25 million years. According to the Toba catastrophe theory to which some anthropologists and archeologists subscribe, it had global consequences, killing most humans then alive and creating a population bottleneck in Central Eastern Africa and India that affected the genetic inheritance of all humans today.

 

ภูเขาไฟ Popocatépetl ทางใต้ของเม็กซิโก เริ่มปะทุ

Activity at Popocatépetl


download large image (4 MB, JPEG) acquired January 4, 2011
download GeoTIFF file (42 MB, TIFF) acquired January 4, 2011

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With a name that means smoking mountain in the Aztec language, Mexico’s Popocatépetl does not disappoint. The towering volcano, about 70 kilometers southeast of Mexico City, was emitting a faint plume of steam and gas on January 4, 2011, when the Advanced Land Imager (ALI) on NASA’s Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite captured this photo-like image.


The agency that monitors volcanoes in Mexico reported five low-intensity eruptions between January 4 and 5. Popocatépetl erupts frequently, and the current eruptive episode started on January 9, 2005, according to the Global Volcanism Program.

1. References
2. CENAPRED. (2011, January 5). Nivel de actividad del volcán Popocatépetl. (Spanish). Accessed January 5, 2011.
3. Global Volcanism Program. (2010). Popocatépetl Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Accessed January 5, 2011.

NASA Earth Observatory image created by Jesse Allen, using EO-1 ALI data provided courtesy of the NASA EO-1 team. Caption by Holli Riebeek.
<dl class="details"><dt>Instrument: </dt><dd>EO-1 - ALI</dd></dl>
Image Location


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October 21, 2010 Ongoing Activity at Popocatépetl

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ภูเขาไฟ Kizimen ของรัสเซีย ก็เริ่มปะทุอีกตั้งแต่ 31 ธันวา 10

Activity at Kizimen Volcano


download large image (1020 KB, JPEG) acquired January 6, 2011

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Kizimen Volcano on Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula sent a plume toward the southeast on January 6, 2011. The Advanced Land Imager (ALI) on NASA’s Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite captured this natural-color image the same day.


Low-angled sunlight illuminates the south side of the plume and of the volcano, leaving the northern side in shadow. The plume’s beige color suggests it is a mixture of volcanic ash and water vapor. The slopes of Kizimen and the nearby land surfaces appear dull gray-brown, likely from a coating of volcanic ash. (A wider view of the region shows areas farther from the volcano blanketed in snow.)


On January 7, 2011, the Kamchatka Volcanic Eruption Response Team reported that Kizimen had released continuous ash emissions since December 31, 2010. Most of the ash clouds remained below the altitude of 6 to 8 kilometers (20,000 to 26,000 feet) although stronger, higher-altitude eruptions could occur at any time.
Reaching an elevation of 2,376 meters (7,795 feet), Kizimen is a stratovolcano composed of alternating layers of ash, lava, and rocks thrown out by previous eruptions. Geologists estimate that the volcano formed about 12,000 years ago. Kizimen experienced an explosive eruption in 1927 and 1928.

1. References
2. Global Volcanism Program. Kizimen. Smithsonian Institution. Accessed January 7, 2011.
3. Kamchatka Volcanic Eruption Response Team. (2010, January 7). Kamchatkan and Northern Kuriles Volcanic Activity. Accessed January 7, 2011.

NASA Earth Observatory image by Jesse Allen and Robert Simmon, using ALI data from the EO-1 team. Caption by Michon Scott.
<dl class="details"><dt>Instrument: </dt><dd>EO-1 - ALI</dd></dl>
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December 31, 2010 Activity at Kizimen Volcano

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วันจันทร์ที่ 10 มกราคม ภูเขาไฟ Anak Krakatau เริ่มปะทุ เ้ถ้าถ่านสูง 600 m.

<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" valign="top" width="100%">2011-01-12 04:33:00 - Volcano Eruption - Indonesia

</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%">!!! ALERT !!!
</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <table width="100%" align="left" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <td width="25%">EDIS Code:</td> <td>VE-20110112-29166-IDN</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Date&Time:</td> <td>2011-01-12 04:33:00 [UTC]</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Continent:</td> <td>Indonesian Archipelago</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Country:</td> <td>Indonesia</td> </tr> <tr> <td>State/Prov.:</td> <td>Sunda Strait, </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Location:</td> <td>Krakatau volcano, </td> </tr> <tr> <td>City:</td> <td>
</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> Not confirmed information!
</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td width="440" align="right"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" valign="top"> Description: </td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" valign="top"> Eruptions from Krakatau volcano, Indonesia have forced the evacuation of tens of thousands residents. Seven districts affected are Kalianda, Rajabasa, Katibung, Sidomulyo, Ketapang, Sragi and Palas. On Monday ash from Anak Krakatau continued to cover residential areas in parts of Banten province and South Lampung. Visual observations showed ash emissions reaching a height of 600 m and drifting east. Ashfall has affected the operation of seismometers on the volcano. Fisherman and tourists are advised to stay at least 2 km from the volcano.
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ภูเขาไฟ Mt Etna volcano ที่อิตตาลี่ปะทุตั้งแต่วันที่ 12 มกราคม

<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" valign="top" width="100%">2011-01-13 17:44:43 - Volcano Eruption - Italy

</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="100%">!!! WARNING !!!
</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <table width="100%" align="left" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <td width="25%">EDIS Code:</td> <td>VE-20110113-29184-ITA</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Date&Time:</td> <td>2011-01-13 17:44:43 [UTC]</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Continent:</td> <td>Europe</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Country:</td> <td>Italy</td> </tr> <tr> <td>State/Prov.:</td> <td>Sicily, </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Location:</td> <td>Mt Etna Volcano, </td> </tr> <tr> <td>City:</td> <td>
</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> Not confirmed information!
</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td width="440" align="right"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" valign="top"> Description: </td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" valign="top"> Eruptions have occurred at Mt Etna volcano, Italy. On the evening of 11th January 2011 an increase in volcanic tremor was recorded at the volcano. Seismic activity reached a peak at 07:00 hr on 12th January when the source moved from north of NE crater to the SE crater. This corresponded to weak eruptive activity at SE crater on 11th January. On 12th January eruptions increased with strombolian activity recorded at SE crater. About 21:00 hr, lava overflowed the eastern rim of SE crater, and fed a flow that moved toward the western wall of the Valle del Bove. The ash from the two-hour eruption forced the closure of Catania's Fontanarossa airport overnight affecting a few domestic flights. The volcanology institute in Catania, eastern Sicily, said today the eruption sent a little stream of lava down the eastern slope of the mountain. Nobody was injured. Officials said the airport reopened early today.
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อัพเดท ภูเขาไฟในอิตตาลี่ปะทุลาวาออกมาอย่างน้อย 42 นาที วันที่ 12 มกรา

Situation Update No. 1
Posted:2011-01-13, 17:43:23 [UTC]
Ref.no.: VE-20110113-29184-ITA

Situation Update No. 1
On 2011-01-17 at 08:52:55 [UTC]

Event: Volcano Eruption
Location: Italy Sicily Mt Etna Volcano



Situation: Lava fountains occurred at SE crater, Mt Etna on the night of 12-13 January 2011. The eruption consisted of a sustained lava fountain, lava flow, and an ash column reaching several kilometres high. The lava fountain lasted 42 minutes from 22:48-23:30 hr on 12th January and reached a height of 300-500 m. The lava fountain became pulsating after this time and reached a height of 100-200 m until 0:55 hr on the morning of 13th January. Ashfall was reported on the south flank of Mt Etna. The eruption was preceded by smaller episodes of Strombolian activity from SE crater on 23rd December 2010, and the evening of 2-3 January 2011. A lava flow descended the western slope of the Valle del Bove in three branches and reached the base after midnight. The longest flow surrounded the northern side of Monte Centenari, 4.2 km from the vent. On the 13th January ash emissions were caused by a partial collapse within the cone and eruptive activity.

 

การปะทุของภูเขาไฟ Mt. Etna ภูเขาไฟที่ใหญ่ที่สุดและกำลังปะทุมากสุดของยุโรป

Activity at Mt. Etna


download large image (3 MB, JPEG) acquired January 11, 2011
download GeoTIFF file (39 MB, TIFF) acquired January 11, 2011

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In mid-January 2011, Europe’s largest and most active volcano rumbled with new energy and lit up the Sicilian night with a fountain of lava. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Terra satellite captured this image of the east coast of Sicily and of Mount Etna as it was spewing ash or steam on January 11, before the lava eruption.
According to news reports from Italy, tremors were detected around Mount Etna on the evening of January 11; by the next evening, lava was shooting hundreds of feet into the air and flowing toward the western wall of the Valle del Bove. An ash plume from the eruption shuttered Fontanarossa Airport in nearby Catania (Sicily’s second-largest city) for much of January 12, with flights diverted or canceled. To date, there have been no reports of injuries.
The massive 3,350-meter-high volcano is one of the most consistently active volcanoes in the world, and accounts of its rumblings go back to 1500 B.C. Since at least October 2010, the volcano was showing signs of unrest that slowly built to the January 12 eruption.
An ongoing collection of ground-based photos and webcams of the eruption can be viewed online.

1. References
2. Global Volcanism Program (n.d.) Etna. Accessed January 14, 2011.
3. Global Volcanism Program (2011, January 12) Weekly Volcanic Activity Report. Accessed January 14, 2011.
4. MSNBC/Our Amazing Planet (2011, January 13) Mount Etna blasts lava, ash into the sky. Accessed January 14, 2011.
5. Volcano Live (n.d.) Mount Etna Volcano. Accessed January 14, 2011.

NASA image courtesy of the MODIS Rapid Response Team, Goddard Space Flight Center. Caption by Michael Carlowicz.
<dl class="details"><dt>Instrument: </dt><dd>Terra - MODIS</dd></dl>

 

อัพเดท การปะทุของภูเขาไฟ Klyuchevskaya สูงสุดและปะทุมากสุดในรัสเซีย (ตั้งแต่ปี 2009)

Lava and Snow on Klyuchevskaya Volcano


download large image (6 MB, JPEG) acquired January 8, 2011

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Half veiled in darkness by the long shadows of winter, Russia’s Klyuchevskaya volcano sends a plume of ash and steam over the snow-bound landscape. Located on the geologically active Kamchatka Peninsula in far eastern Russia, Klyuchevskaya is the region’s highest and most active volcano. Its current eruptive period started in August 2009. The Advanced Land Imager (ALI) on NASA’s Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite acquired this image on January 8, 2011. The sharp, triangular shadow west of Klyuchevskaya is probably being cast by Kamen, a towering, steep-sided volcano that is just south of Klyuchevskaya.

1. References
2. Global Volcanism Program. Kamen Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Accessed January 14, 2011.
3. Global Volcanism Program. Kliuchevskoi. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Accessed January 14, 2011.

NASA Earth Observatory image created by Jesse Allen and Robert Simmon, using data from the NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team. Caption by Holli Riebeek.
<dl class="details"><dt>Instrument: </dt><dd>Terra - ASTER</dd></dl>
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December 23, 2010 Lava and Snow on Klyuchevskaya Volcano

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Volcanic Activity at Kilauea


download large image (1 MB, JPEG) acquired January 15, 2011

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Over the past several weeks a pit within Halema’uma’u Crater (on the summit of Kilauea Volcano) has steadily emitted a plume of sulfur dioxide and other volcanic gases. 120 meters (390 feet) below the pit’s opening a lava pond rises and falls as magma moves underneath Kilauea. Sulfur dioxide emissions were 550 metric tons per day (1,200,000 pounds) on January 3rd, 2011, well above the daily average of 125 metric tons (280,000 pounds) from 2002–2006. Sulfur dioxide emissions at Kilauea peaked at about 2,000 metric tons (4,400,000 pounds) per day in March 2008, when the pit in Halema’uma’u Crater first opened.
Kilauea Caldera, Halema’uma’u Crater, and the volcanic plume are all visible in this natural-color satellite image. The image was acquired on January 15, 2011 by the Advanced Land Imager (ALI) aboard Earth Observing-1 (EO-1).

1. References
2. Elias, T., and Sutton, A. J. (2007). Sulfur Dioxide Emission Rates from Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii, an Update: 2002-2006. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. Accessed January 19, 2010.
3. USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. (2008). New gas vent in Halema’uma’u crater doubles sulfur dioxide emission rates. Accessed January 19, 2010.
4. USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. (2010). Recent Kilauea Status Reports, Updates, and Information Releases. Accessed January 19, 2010.

NASA Earth Observatory image by Jesse Allen and Robert Simmon, using ALI data from the EO-1 team. Caption by Robert Simmon.
<dl class="details"><dt>Instrument: </dt><dd>EO-1 - ALI</dd></dl>
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ภูเขาไฟเมราปิปะทุ ทำให้อินโดต้องเสียเงินจำนวนมากถึง US$781 million

Merapi eruptions cost Indonesia Rp 7.1t

The Jakarta Post, Jakarta | Mon, 01/24/2011 9:24 AM | Headlines A | A | A |


According to the National Disaster Mitigation Agency (BNPB), Indonesia suffered Rp 7.1 trillion (approximately US$781 million) in financial losses caused by the Mount Merapi eruptions last year affecting Central Java and Yogyakarta.
The losses were not only in the form of destroyed property, but also in the form of potential income losses, such as a decline in hotel occupancy rates and flights arriving at Yogyakarta’s Adisucipto Airport.
“The calculation of the losses was based on various aspects, not only how many hectares need to be compensated. That would be misleading,” Syamsul said, after a visit to victims of lahar floods in Jumoyo village in the Central Java town of Magelang.
“We’ve totaled them up and the financial losses reached Rp 7.1 trillion, but we haven’t calculated losses caused by the impacts of lahar floods because disaster relief efforts there are still ongoing.”
He added that the government would cover all financial losses.

 

<center>YELLOWSTONE VOLCANO OBSERVATORY MONTHLY UPDATE</center><center>Saturday, January 1, 2011 8:32 AM MST (Saturday, January 1, 2011 15:32 UTC)</center>

YELLOWSTONE VOLCANO (CAVW #1205-01-)
44°25'48" N 110°40'12" W, Summit Elevation 9203 ft (2805 m)
Current Volcano Alert Level: NORMAL
Current Aviation Color Code: GREEN

During the month of December 2010, 80 earthquakes were located in the Yellowstone National Park region. The largest was a magnitude 2.3 event on December 27 at 11:36 PM MST, located about 22 miles east southeast of West Thumb, YNP. This earthquake was part of a small earthquake swarm that occurred December 27 - 28. The swarm consisted of 12 events with magnitudes 2.3 to 0.4.

Earthquake activity continues at background levels.

 

January 21, 2011

Is the Surging Yellowstone Caldera -the World's Largest Supervolcano- Poised to Erupt?







With some 80% of airports in Europe shut down last summer due to the lingering ash cloud created by Iceland’s Eyjafjallajökull volcano, we thought it would pay to take an updated look at the possibility of the world's most massive volcano -the Yellowstone Plateau- erupting and the potential consequences. Recent earthquakes on the west side of Yellowstone caldera were part of the intense January/February 2010 earthquake swarm of ~2,350 earthquakes.

Yellowstone National Park's caldera, which covers a 25- by 37-mile (40- by 60-kilometer) swath of Wyoming, is an ancient crater formed after the last big blast, some 640,000 years ago. The simmering volcano has produced major eruptions—each a thousand times more powerful than Mount St. Helens's 1980 eruption—three times in the past 2.1 million years. The supervolcano has recently caused miles of ground to rise dramatically, scientists report beginning in 2004, which saw the ground above the caldera rise upward at rates as high as 2.8 inches (7 centimeters) a year.Is it poised for yet a fourth major explosion?

Some 600,000 years ago there was a colossal cauldron of magma, a supervolcano, that exploded with such violence that it left an ash layer almost ten feet deep a thousand miles away in eastern Nebraska killing all plant life and covering almost all of the United States west of the Mississippi. Modern geological surveys have shown that this supervolcano erupts catastrophically every 600,000 years, and the land that supervolcano is trapped in was called by Blackfoot Indians 'the land of evil spirits' -what we call today, Yellowstone National Park.

A report from scientists at the University of Utah shows that the “supervolcano” underneath Yellowstone has risen at a record rate since mid 2004. Apparently, a “pancake-shaped blob” of molten rock he size of Los Angeles was pressed in to the slumbering volcano, some six miles down.





“There is no evidence of an imminent volcanic eruption or hydrothermal explosion. That’s the bottom line,” says seismologist Robert B. Smith, lead author of the study and professor of geophysics at the University of Utah. “A lot of calderas [giant volcanic craters] worldwide go up and down over decades without erupting.”

The journal Science however reported that the caldera floor of the massive volcano has risen 3 inches, per year, for the past three years. This is a rate of growth three times more rapid than ever observed, since records were first kept back in 1923.

“Our best evidence is that the crustal magma chamber is filling with molten rock,” Smith says. “But we have no idea how long this process goes on before there either is an eruption or the inflow of molten rock stops and the caldera deflates again,” he adds.

If you were traveling Yellowstone's pristine backcountry peaks and alpine valleys, you would never realize that you're traveling atop of the world's most massive active volcano. Only when you got down to the boiling thermals of Firehole River and the Geyser Basin whould you realize that you're a stranger in a strange land.

A brief history lesson on Yellowstone shows us an area that crosses over the Wyoming border in to Montana and Idaho, and holds North America’s record as being the largest volcanic field. Produced by a “hotspot” 400 miles beneath the Earth’s surface, it rises to 30 miles underground, at which point it widens in to an area about 300 miles across.

At this point, blobs of magma which have been channeled up from the hotspot – a gigantic plume of hot and molten rock – break off from the top of the plume, and rise in to the magma chamber beneath the Yellowstone caldera.

It is this magma – that is believed to exist between 5 and 10 miles beneath the surface of Yellowstone – that heats the geysers and hot springs that have made Yellowstone National Park one of America’s foremost attractions.

The problem that the seismologists are facing is that they simply have not enough data to make an educated guess as to what will happen next. We know of three supervolcanic eruptions that happened before our time on Earth, but nothing more. Is Yellowstone nearing an explosion, or is this just part of the supervolcano’s normal processes?

Since the most recent blast 640,000 years ago, about 30 smaller eruptions—including one as recent as 70,000 years ago—have filled the caldera with lava and ash, producing the relatively flat landscape of the Yellowstone plateau we see today. According to the US Geological Survey, the rate slowed between 2007 and 2010 to a centimeter a year or less. However, since the start of the 2004 swelling, ground levels over the volcano have been raised by as much as 10 inches (25 centimeters) in places.

"It's an extraordinary uplift, because it covers such a large area and the rates are so high," said the University of Utah's Bob Smith, a longtime expert in Yellowstone's volcanism in an interview with National Geographic.

Scientists believe a growing magma reservoir four to six miles (seven to ten kilometers) below the surface is the culprit, driving the uplift. The surge doesn't seem to herald an imminent catastrophe, Smith said.

"At the beginning we were concerned it could be leading up to an eruption," said Smith, who co-authored a paper on the surge published in the December 3, 2010, edition of Geophysical Research Letters. "But once we saw [the magma] was at a depth of ten kilometers, we weren't so concerned. If it had been at depths of two or three kilometers [one or two miles], we'd have been a lot more concerned."

Studies of the surge, he added, may offer clues about what's going on in the volcano's subterranean activity, which may eventually help scientists predict when Yellowstone's next volcanic eruption will break out.

Smith and colleagues at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Yellowstone Volcano Observatory have been mapping the caldera's rise and fall using tools such as global positioning systems (GPS) and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), which gives ground-deformation measurements.

Ground deformation can suggest that magma is moving toward the surface before an eruption: The flanks of Mount St. Helens, for example, swelled dramatically in the months before its 1980 explosion.


There are also many examples, including the Yellowstone supervolcano, where it appears the ground has risen and fallen for thousands of years without an eruption.

According to current theory, Yellowstone's magma reservoir is fed by a plume of hot rock surging upward from Earth's mantle. As the amount of magma flowing into the chamber increases, the reservoir swells like a lung and the surface above expands upward. Models suggest that during the recent uplift, the reservoir was filling with 0.02 cubic miles (0.1 cubic kilometer) of magma a year. When the rate of increase slows, the theory goes, the magma likely moves off horizontally to solidify and cool, allowing the surface to settle back down.

"These calderas tend to go up and down, up and down," he said. "But every once in a while they burp, creating hydrothermal explosions, earthquakes, or—ultimately—they can produce volcanic eruptions."

Predicting when an eruption might occur is extremely difficult, in part because the fine details of what's going on under Yellowstone are still undetermined. What's more, continuous records of Yellowstone's activity have been made only since the 1970s—a tiny slice of geologic time—making it hard to draw conclusions.

"Clearly some deep source of magma feeds Yellowstone, and since Yellowstone has erupted in the recent geological past, we know that there is magma at shallower depths too," said Dan Dzurisin, a Yellowstone expert with the USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory in Washington State.

"There has to be magma in the crust, or we wouldn't have all the hydrothermal activity that we have," Dzurisin added. "There is so much heat coming out of Yellowstone right now that if it wasn't being reheated by magma, the whole system would have gone stone cold since the time of the last eruption 70,000 years ago."

The large hydrothermal system just below Yellowstone's surface, which produces many of the park's top tourist attractions, may also play a role in ground swelling, Dzurisin said, though no one is sure to what extent. "Could it be that some uplift is caused not by new magma coming in but by the hydrothermal system sealing itself up and pressurizing?" he asked. "And then it subsides when it springs a leak and depressurizes? These details are difficult."

The roughly 3,000 earthquakes in Yellowstone each year may offer even more clues about the relationship between ground uplift and the magma chamber.

For example, between December 26, 2008, and January 8, 2009, some 900 earthquakes occurred in the area around Yellowstone Lake, which may have helped to release pressure on the magma reservoir by allowing fluids to escape, and this may have slowed the rate of uplift, the University of Utah's Smith said.

"Big quakes [can have] a relationship to uplift and deformations caused by the intrusion of magma," he said. "How those intrusions stress the adjacent faults, or how the faults might transmit stress to the magma system, is a really important new area of study."

Overall, USGS's Dzurisin added, "the story of Yellowstone deformation has gotten more complex as we've had better and better technologies to study it."


Thankfully, our ability to use our planets past to predict its future continues to grow, to a point where, maybe someday, we will be able to predict what Yellowstone is up to.

 

การเกิดแผ่นดินไหว ตรง yellowstone ปี 2011 ไม่มากนัก ตามรายการ

<table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"><tbody><tr><th align="center">MAG </th> <th align="center">UTC DATE-TIME
y/m/d h:m:s </th> <th align="center">LAT
deg </th> <th align="center">LON
deg </th> <th align="center">DEPTH
km </th> <th>LOCATION</th> </tr> <tr><td align="center" nowrap="nowrap">MAP</td><td align="center" nowrap="nowrap">1.3 </td><td align="center" nowrap="nowrap">2011/01/23 15:57:17</td><td align="right" nowrap="nowrap"> 44.321</td><td align="right" nowrap="nowrap">-110.554</td><td align="right" nowrap="nowrap"> 5.4</td><td> 58 km ( 36 mi) SE of West Yellowstone, MT</td></tr> <tr><td align="center" nowrap="nowrap">MAP</td><td align="center" nowrap="nowrap">2.0 </td><td align="center" nowrap="nowrap">2011/01/22 00:34:45</td><td align="right" nowrap="nowrap"> 44.596</td><td align="right" nowrap="nowrap">-110.372</td><td align="right" nowrap="nowrap"> 2.0</td><td> 56 km ( 35 mi) SSE of Gardiner, MT</td></tr> <tr><td align="center" nowrap="nowrap">MAP</td><td align="center" nowrap="nowrap">1.1 </td><td align="center" nowrap="nowrap">2011/01/21 04:01:19</td><td align="right" nowrap="nowrap"> 44.678</td><td align="right" nowrap="nowrap">-110.457</td><td align="right" nowrap="nowrap"> 1.8</td><td> 45 km ( 28 mi) SSE of Gardiner, MT</td></tr> <tr><td align="center" nowrap="nowrap">MAP</td><td align="center" nowrap="nowrap">2.2 </td><td align="center" nowrap="nowrap">2011/01/19 18:40:38</td><td align="right" nowrap="nowrap"> 43.600</td><td align="right" nowrap="nowrap">-110.439</td><td align="right" nowrap="nowrap"> 4.9</td><td> 30 km ( 19 mi) ENE of Jackson, WY</td></tr></tbody></table>